|
The oyster mussel (''Epioblasma capsaeformis'') is a rare species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae. This aquatic bivalve mollusk is native to Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Virginia in the United States. It has been extirpated from the states of Georgia〔(''Epioblasma capsaeformis''. ) The Nature Conservancy.〕 and North Carolina.〔USFWS. (Oyster mussel in North Carolina. )〕 It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. This mussel was once widely distributed〔USFWS. (''Epioblasma capsaeformis'' Five-year Review. ) July 2011〕 and common〔 in the Cumberland and Tennessee River drainages, including many tributaries. It has declined 80% from its historical abundance.〔 It is now extirpated from the Cumberland River system and the main artery of the Tennessee River. It remains in the Nolichucky River of Tennessee and the Clinch River in Tennessee and Virginia.〔 Specimens remaining in the Duck River in Tennessee are likely members of a different species.〔Jones, J. W., et al. (2006). (A holistic approach to taxonomic evaluation of two closely related endangered freshwater mussel species, the oyster mussel ''Epioblasma capsaeformis'' and tan riffleshell ''Epioblasma florentina walkeri'' (Bivalvia: Unionidae). ) ''J. Mollus. Stud.'' 72 (3): 267-283.〕 Like other freshwater mussels, this species reproduces by releasing its larvae, termed glochidia, which lodge in the gills of fish to develop into juvenile mussels.〔Vincie, M. E. (Development of a suitable diet for endangered juvenile oyster mussels ''Epioblasma capsaeformis'' (Bivalvia: Unionidae) reared in a captive environment. ) Master's Thesis. Virginia Tech.〕 Host fish species for this mussel include wounded darter (''Etheostoma vulneratum''), redline darter (''E. rufilineatum''), bluebreast darter (''Etheostoma camarum''), dusky darter (''Percina sciera''), banded sculpin (''Cottus carolinae''), black sculpin (''Cottus baileyi''), and mottled sculpin (''Cottus bairdi'').〔 The main threat to this species is habitat alteration such as channelization and impoundments of waterways, increased silt, and pollution.〔 This mussel is propagated in captivity.〔 Many juveniles have been released into appropriate habitat.〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oyster mussel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|